THE STRATEGY OF THE INDONESIAN NATION'S STRUGGLE TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN INDEPENDENCE FROM AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This study aims to examine the strategies of the Indonesian people in achieving and maintaining independence and their relevance to history education. Indonesia’s struggle for independence was a long and dynamic historical process, evolving from localized armed resistance to a nationally organized movement through education, organizations, and political action. This research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected from history books, scholarly journal articles, and official documents related to Indonesia’s independence struggle and theories of history and character education. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by interpreting historical facts and linking them to educational perspectives. The findings indicate that changes in Indonesia’s struggle strategies were influenced by the growth of national consciousness, the role of education, and adaptive responses to social and political conditions. Strategies to defend independence, such as guerrilla warfare and the people’s total defense system, reflect values of participation, solidarity, and collective responsibility