Analysis of the Suitability of Pancasila and Citizenship Education Materials with the Merdeka Curriculum in MI/SD

Abstract

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) plays a strategic role in shaping the character, values, and citizenship competencies of students from the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah/Sekolah Dasar (MI/SD) level. The continuous changes in the national curriculum require adjustments to the teaching materials to remain relevant to the current educational goals. This study aims to describe the nature and objectives of PPKn learning in MI/SD, analyze the structure of the Merdeka Curriculum in that subject, examine the alignment of teaching materials with the established learning outcomes, and identify the challenges of its implementation in the field. The research uses a qualitative approach of library research by reviewing official curriculum documents, textbooks, and related scientific articles. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques and comparative analysis of learning outcomes. The study results show that, in general, the PPKn material in MI/SD textbooks is in line with the four elements of learning outcomes in the Merdeka Curriculum, namely Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and applies a spiral curriculum approach. However, gaps are still found in the aspects of local contextualization, the balance of cognitive-affective dimensions, and the integration of digital literacy and global citizenship. Implementation challenges include the diversity of teacher competencies, the limited availability of contextual learning resources, and the shift in the learning paradigm toward a learner-centered approach. This study recommends strengthening continuous teacher training, developing learning materials based on local wisdom, and optimizing learning technology as strategic steps to improve the quality of PPKn education.